The system of meta-markups adopted in the National Corpus of the Kazakh Language is accompanied by meta-marked information. Here we should understand the meta-marked system of features of extralinguistic nature or external annotation and technical works (i.e., service works) related to the text. On the basis of the study of the literature on corpus linguistics, it was found that there are several types of markup. Among them, we have considered the so-called extralinguistic markup or metalanguage (meta-markup), which gives an idea of text data.

In accordance with the functional, anthropocentric trends in modern linguistics, it is possible to study the integral system of language units belonging to different levels. The spheres of language aimed at a comprehensive study of communicative, cognitive, pragmatic, and linguocultural functions are intensively developing. Each of these areas has its own scientific principles and research methods. Modern linguistics is focused on the humanitarian, human factor, allows us to study the culture, history, traditions, mentality of the nation through the language. This article examines the linguocultural foundations of the poem «Koblandy Batyr».

The article considers military insignia in the field of phaleronymy that have not been studied yet in Kazakh onomastics. The semantics of individual elements in the emblem of the National Defense University (hereinafter referred to as the University) named after the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Elbasy is presented in an informative way.

The article describes the prerequisites for creating the calendar system, lexical and phraseological units, and natural phenomena associated with the spring, summer, autumn, and winter seasons. Lexical and phraseological units related to the seasons of nature are generalized and grouped into seasonal categories. The cognitive side of these lexical and phraseological units is considered, and an attempt is made to prove their legitimate connection from the point of view of astronomy, meteorology and geography.

The article reviews the problems of functioning of the Kazakh language and literature in the education system of Uzbekistan on the basis of the analysis of the content of the collection of materials of the Republican scientific and practical conference «Қазақ тілі мен әдебиетін оқытудын өзекті мәселелері» («Actual problems of teaching the Kazakh language  and literature»), which was held at the Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami on the basis of the Department of the Kazakh language and Literature.

The article examines the relationship and interdependence of the linguistic world and the national worldview in the work of the writer Abish Kekilbayev. The works of A. Kekilbayev are a valuable object of research from the point of view of ethnolinguistics and linguoculturology. The writer sought to convey the subtleties of national knowledge as fully as possible, he considered the life of the nation from the historical point of view, conveyed it in his works, linking it with the multifaceted history.

According to the connotation, the language contains stable stylistic and semantic elements conditioned by the consumer›s cognition. Connotation is used to describe and evaluate the cultural tradition in society, to express word usage in an emotional tone. For this reason, connotation is considered a subjective-evaluative part of the meaning. This is because the emotional feeling in the word causes each reader to have a different mood. From this it can be seen that as a result of the perception of a certain object in the emotional-expressive influence, a subjective-modal attitude to it is born. The resulting personal cognition encourages the self-expression of this world, begins to adapt to the emotional coloring of the figurative meaning of the thing. Revealing any real world, a person uses his cultural-historical, national worldview, empirical knowledge, thanks to which he tries to show the world from a different angle. In the course of such cognitive processes, connotative meanings arise.

The experts studied various aspects of bilingualism, such as methods of brain mapping of language, the ability to write in one language and speak in another language, etc. The purpose of such education is to forma multilingual person who is able to realize his communication needs freely. This is the main incentive for learning the language. Multilingualism encompasses linguistic, psychological, sociological, and pedagogical aspects. Bilingual and multilingual education is widely used at various levels.

There are many borrowed words in the Persian language, including Turkic words. The Persian language has undergone many changes, there are a lot of borrowed words in the Persian language, so the vocabulary of the Persian language has been continuously enriched. Each language has its own historical path. Currently, native Persian words have begun to be introduced in Iran instead of borrowed words from other languages, including Turkic ones. This article discusses the Turkisms in Persian and their influence on the Persian language.

The main reason why national languages subordinate the names of other peoples to the laws of their sound, structural system, is that they consist of sounds alien to the national language and differ in the combination of sounds with each other. Such words cannot be pronounced by native speakers of the national language. Although names in foreign languages are usually conditional characters, they cannot be used in the same way. Hence the conclusion: if new objects-concepts that should be included in our everyday life, called, pronounced in our language, can not be called in Kazakh in a timely manner, but together with the object or concept penetrate into our language and its foreign language names are widely used, it is necessary to treat foreign language names as symbols that do not have a direct relationship to the subject and concept, and to adapt only its phonetic side to Kazakh.

The article deals with the idea of the trinity of languages. The goal of the idea of trilingualism is to achieve the level of proficiency in three languages to the same extent. In the era of globalization, everyone should know and speak three languages fluently. In the context of Kazakhstan›s entry into the number of competitive countries, much attention is paid to the problem of multilingualism. Currently, in order to achieve the goals of educating a confident generation, becoming one of the 30 countries with the best economies in the world and expanding the horizons, there is a need to learn English as the language of world communication, to be fluent in three languages.

Currently, research is conducted in the country on the transition to the Latin script, and preparatory work is being carried out. One of the research topics is the problem of marking the used foreign words with the new alphabet. In this article, the authors emphasize the main patterns concerning the sound system of the Kazakh language, and, guided by these patterns, present their vision of how to write foreign words in the future alphabet based on Latin graphics.

On the basis of the research materials, the article provides a brief explanation of the history of the Nestorian religion, compares the vocabulary of the written monument «Nestorian religion» with the vocabulary of the modern Kazakh language, and outlines the obvious differences. In the text, the words are found that still remain unchanged in the modern Kazakh language, and their number is determined. Words are recorded that, despite the small difference, still retain their meaning. At the third stage, the words are decomposed into seven parts of the speech of the modern Kazakh language. In the fourth stage, words are classified by content. Finally, the words that have retained their meaning in the past and in the modern Kazakh language are explained by examples from the text.

The article deals with various definitions of the concept of discourse, which is currently given in Kazakh linguistics, and the problems of the direction of discursive analysis, its involvement in intonation. Those who recognize a text related to a discourse as a discourse proceed from the fact that the situational orientation of the discourse clearly determines its place in linguistics. From the point of view of pragmalinguistics, discourse is understood as the interactive interaction of speech participants, the influence on each other, the exchange of information, various communication strategies, their verbal and non-verbal manifestations in speech. According to the conclusion of M. L. Makarov: «the distinctive features of discourse are its coherence, as well as metacommunicative self-organization» [1]. Linguocommunicative and structural – textual approaches of discourse are also considered. Within the first approach, discourse is defined as a complex linguistic and communicative phenomenon, and within the second approach, the problem of the accent of discourse in text formation is identified.

Currently, there is a growing scientific interest in term formation, which contributes to the identification of various types of neologisms in the formation of new oil and gas terms. When classifying the main methods of term formation, borrowings from English, Russian, Arabic and other languages are considered. The study of foreign language elements in the terminological vocabulary of the Kazakh language is of interest not so much to determine the process of contacting the Kazakh language with the above-mentioned languages, but to clarify the material basis of borrowed words.

This article provides examples of epithets and comparative-visual means in Saif Saraya›s poem «Gulstan bi-T-Turki». The features of word usage in the epic are analyzed. The poet›s skill in using epithets and comparisons is particularly discussed. Examples are given from the conclusions of such literary scholars as Kazhym Zhumaliyev and Zeynolla Kabdolov regarding epithets and comparisons. The method of conveying epithets and comparisons found in the Saif Saraya saga is also considered. The examples show that in the poem «Gulistan bi-T-Turki», which covers various topics, comparisons are used to reveal the inner soul, character and relationship of the hero with other characters. Some figurative words, characteristic of Eastern literature, acquire a special content in the story due to the use of figurative means.

This article explores a linguistic description of English phrasal verbs and offers a short look at their historical background, in order to provide the reader with a more complete understanding of the verbs. Analysis of theories of domestic and foreign scholars and comparative analyses of phrasal verbs are made in the article. For the first time the term ‘phrasal verbs’ was used by the English linguist Logan Pearsall Smith and was recorded in the Anglo-Russian dictionary of verb combinations, published in 1986 in the Soviet Union. Machonis calls these more idiomatic phrasal verbs «frozen verbs,» relegating them to the realm of the lexicon. «Compositional» verbs, on the other hand, are seen as a verb plus a particle which adds aspect to the verb, while retaining the core meaning of the original verb. Today English continues to develop these two parallel paths. Therefore, hundreds of English phrasal verbs have French, Latin or Greek synonyms, which have the same meaning, but more «scientific» sounding. Phrasal verbs have been present for much of the history of the English language; they are easily traceable back to early Middle English. Many phrasal verbs occur within semantic frames which are typically considered idiomatic. While often, certainly initially, analyzed as additional variations in the meaning of the root verb, the combination of the verb and the particle can result in a meaning drastically different from that of the root verb.

Despite the fact that in general and in Kazakh linguistics there are studies related to speech synthesis, this problem has not yet been fully studied. In this regard, the article deals with formant and compilative methods that serve as the basis for constructing speech synthesis. The article is based on the opinions of the scientists who have studied the problem of synthesis to date.

One of the problems that still needs to be studied in Kazakh phonetics is speech synthesis, as there is currently a growing demand for speech synthesis associated with the development of information technologies. The article discusses artificial intelligence, methods used in speech synthesis, the formula and algorithm of vowels and consonants for entering into computer memory. We were guided by the opinions of researchers who studied speech synthesis.