Ethnocultural Semantics of Phraseological Units in Kazakh and Yakut Languages (Based on the Somatism “Head”)

The Yakuts are a people who migrated north from Central Asia in ancient times and were subject to linguistic and cultural influences from non-Turkic peoples. This language, unlike the Southern Turkic languages, was not influenced by Arabic-Persian and retained its ancient Turkic form. Situated at the junction of three branches of the Altaic languages – Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic – the Yakut language is undoubtedly of interest to researchers. There is a scientific opinion that if the Mongolian and Evenk layers are removed from the Yakut language, an ancient Turkic form can be obtained. The article examines phraseological units formed using somatism as a motif in the Kazakh and Yakut languages, their ethnosemantic field and conceptual knowledge. The main objective of the study is to identify the ethnocultural semantics and conceptual-cognitive model of somatic phraseological units in the Kazakh and Yakut languages. The objectives of the research work: collection and grouping of somatic set phrases in the Kazakh and Yakut languages, conducting a semantic, partially historical, grammatical and conceptual analysis of somatic phraseology. This study compiles somaphraseological units in both languages, conducts a comparative analysis of their structural and semantic features, and identifies the parallelism inherent in the two languages through the application of the semantic method, the diachronic analysis method and the method of conceptual analysis based on the anthropocentric paradigm. The study of the lexical and semantics of the Kazakh and Yakut languages using the comparative-historical method is a pressing issue in historical Kazakh linguistics. In this regard, the advantages of studying the Yakut language, which has preserved ancient Turkic word forms to the greatest extent, are assessed using the comparative method in Kazakh diachronic linguistics. The presence of common phraseological units, idioms and proverbs in the Kazakh and Yakut languages testifies to the historical closeness of these two languages, as well as to the common and close period of formation of set phrases in these two languages. The study of somatisms within the deep lexical-semantic layers of both languages, framed by the anthropocentric paradigm, holds significant theoretical value for reconstructing the ancient Turkic conceptual model of cognition.  

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