Anthropocentric Paradigms of Scientific Knowledge in the Works of A. Baitursynuly: Language as a Tool and Weapon

The article deals with the actual problem of paradigm and paradigm of scientific knowledge, anthropocentrism, their place and significance in the scientific heritage of A. Baitursynuly. The concept of paradigm and the term paradigm in the works of A. Baitursynuly is studied from three scientific positions: from the position of F. Sossyur (paradigm is a kind of grammatical or other form of a linguistic unit); from the position of T. Kuhn (paradigm is a kind of grammatical or other form of a linguistic unit). Kuhn (paradigm is an epoch, a significant period of time in the life of science, at which it has obtained significant results in its development); the place and meaning of the concept of paradigm, paradigm of scientific knowledge in the studies of A. Baitursynuly (comparative-historical, system-structural, anthropocentric). In the course of scientific search the work was carried out, the results of which show that in the scientific heritage of A. Baitursynuly the works that are made in accordance with the modern understanding of the paradigm of scientific knowledge are clearly presented. A. Baitursynuly introduced the notion and scientific concept of ‘til – qural’ (language – tool), ‘til – qaru’ (language – weapon) in 1914, at the same time naming his textbooks on the Kazakh language in Arabic script. In Eurasian linguistics (for example, in Russian), the approach to the concept of “language – tool, language – weapon” in the corresponding terms started from the late XX and early XXI century (V.A. Maslova, N.G. Ter-Minasova, etc.). Linguistic and linguomethodological heritage of A. Baitursynuly built on the concepts of anthropocentrism, anthropocentric paradigm of scientific knowledge, subdividing into universal (universal) and Kazakh national-cultural, but considers it as a whole consisting of two aspects, which is confirmed by a large amount of relevant linguistic material. The use of semantic, comparative, linguistictheoretical, inductive, deductive and other research methods in the course of scientific research served as the basis for revealing the theoretical and practical significance of the work. 

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