<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">til</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Tiltanym</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tiltanym</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2411-6076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2709-135X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Институт языкознания имени А.Байтурсынулы КН МОН РК</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55491/2411-6076-2025-4-145-165</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">til-1950</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИКЛАДНОЕ ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>APPLIED LINGUISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Процессы казахизации в медицинской терминологической системе: кодификация наименований костей и суставов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Processes of Kazakhization in the Medical Terminological System: Codification of Bone and Joint Nomenclature</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5292-6727</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алдашева</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aldasheva</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Камар Сагингалиевна Алдашева, автор-корреспондент, доктор философии (PhD), ассоциированный профессор, постдокторант</p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kamar Aldasheva, Corresponding Author, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Associate Professor, Postdoctoral Researcher</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kama_kz89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5741-0038</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Есполова</surname><given-names>Ж. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yespolova</surname><given-names>Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жанар Еркиновна Есполова, докторант</p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanar Yespolova, Doctoral Student, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhanee@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8302-3982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Досанов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dossanova</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Альбина Маратхановна Досанов, 3доктор философии (PhD), ассоциированный профессор</p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Albina Dossanova, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Associate Professor</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adossanova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахский национальный педагогический университет имени Абая<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахский национальный университет имени аль-Фараби<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Al-Farabi Kazakh National University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>145</fpage><lpage>165</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алдашева К.С., Есполова Ж.Е., Досанов А.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алдашева К.С., Есполова Ж.Е., Досанов А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aldasheva K., Yespolova Z., Dossanova A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tiltanym.kz/jour/article/view/1950">https://www.tiltanym.kz/jour/article/view/1950</self-uri><abstract><p>Расширение и укрепление использования государственного языка в науке и профессиональных сферах является одним из приоритетных направлений языковой политики и национальной стратегии развития нашей страны. В этой связи адаптация отраслевой терминологии, в том числе медицинской терминологической системы к национальным языковым нормам приобретает особую актуальность в процессе повышения статуса казахского языка как языка науки. Исследование терминологической природы наименований костей и суставов позволяет определить, структурировать и систематизировать фундаментальный лексический пласт национальной медицинской терминологии. Наименования костей и суставов, являясь структурным ядром анатомической терминологии, формируют основу медицинских диагнозов, номенклатуры заболеваний и клинического дискурса. Их унификация, кодификация и лексикографическое описание на казахском языке рассматриваются как важный шаг к обеспечению полноценного функционирования государственного языка в системе медицинского образования, профессионального перевода и здравоохранения. Несмотря на принадлежность этих наименований к исконному словарному фонду казахского языка и их широкое употребление в этнолингвистическом и фразеологическом пространстве, в современных отраслевых словарях, учебниках и особенно в клиническом дискурсе они используются неравномерно. Костно-суставная лексика, сформированная в традиционной медицине, в системе национального мировоззрения и ценностных представлений казахского народа, имеет богатую историческую, языковую и культурную основу. Рассмотрение этих наименований как составной части национальной терминологической системы представляет собой важную научную и прикладную задачу. В статье рассматриваются лингвистические основы процесса казахизации медицинской терминологической системы. В качестве объекта исследования обоснована актуальность изучения наименований костей и суставов, анализируется степень их кодифицированности в казахском языке, модели терминообразования и текущее состояние их лексикографического описания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The expansion and consolidation of the use of state language in scientific and professional domains is one of the priority directions of Kazakhstan’s language policy and national development strategy. In this regard, the adaptation of sectoral terminology, including the medical terminological system, to national linguistic norms is particularly relevant in the process of enhancing the status of the Kazakh language as a language of science. The study of the terminological nature of bone and joint names allows for the identification, structuring and systematization of the fundamental lexical layer of national medical terminology. As a structural core of anatomical terminology, bone and joint names form the basis of medical diagnoses, disease nomenclature, and clinical discourse. Their unification, codification and lexicographical description in the Kazakh language are considered essential steps toward ensuring the full-fledged functioning of the state language in medical education, professional translation and the healthcare system. Despite belonging to the original lexical fund of the Kazakh language and being widely used in ethnolinguistic and phraseological domains, their representation in modern sectoral dictionaries, textbooks and especially in clinical discourse remains inconsistent. The lexical field of bones and joints, shaped by traditional medicine and embedded in the national worldview and value system of the Kazakh people, has a rich historical, linguistic, and cultural foundation. Considering these lexical units as an integral part of the national terminological system constitutes an important scientific and applied task. This article examines the linguistic foundations of the Kazakhization process in the medical terminological system. It substantiates the relevance of studying bone and joint terminology, analyzing the degree of their codification in the Kazakh language, models of term formation, and the current state of their lexicographical representation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медицинская терминологическая система</kwd><kwd>процессы казахизации</kwd><kwd>наименования костей и суставов</kwd><kwd>кодификация</kwd><kwd>лексикография</kwd><kwd>терминообразование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medical terminological system</kwd><kwd>kazakhization processes</kwd><kwd>bone and joint nomenclature</kwd><kwd>codification</kwd><kwd>lexicography</kwd><kwd>term formation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">АХЖ-11 өлім мен сырқаттанушылық статистикасы [Электронды ресурс]. – URL: https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/kk (Пайдаланылған күні: 23.08.2025) https://www.termincom.kz/articles/?id=75. (Пайдаланылған күні: 23.08.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akbarkhadjaeva, F. (2020) The nature of medical terminology. Theoretical &amp; Applied Science. No.86. P. 432–434. https://doi.org/10.15863/tas.2020.06.86.80 (in English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байтұрсынов А. Тіл тағылымы (қазақ тілі мен оқу-ағартуға қатысты еңбектері). – Алматы: Ана тілі, 1992. – 448 б.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhmetov, M. (2025) Medicinalyq terminder maselesi [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://www.termincom.kz/articles/?id=75 (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [Akhmetov, M. (2025) The issue of medical terms [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.termincom.kz/articles/?id=75 (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бисенғали А.З., Исалиева А.А. Түркі тілдеріне ортақ терминологиялық қор қалыптастыру: ортақ терминжасам тәсілдері мен тетіктері. Tiltanym, 2025. No3 (99). 122-136-бб. https://doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2025-3-122-136</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">AHZh-11 olim men syrqattanushylyq statistikasy. (2025) [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/kk (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [ICD-11 mortality and morbidity statistics (2025) [Electronic resource]. URL: https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/kk (Accessed: August 23, 2025.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Досмұхамедұлы Х. Таңдамалы. – Алматы: Ана тілі, 1998. – 384 б. Жалғас Х. Қазақ тілінде медицина терминдерінің сөздігі шығуы мүмкін [Электронды ресурс]. – URL: https://inbusiness.kz/kz/news/kazak-tilinde-medicina-terminderinin-sozdigi-shyguy-mumkin (Пайдаланылған күні: 23.08.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aliszhanov, S. (2004) Termin zhane terminologija. Kitapta: Terminologija maseleleri. Astana. B. 18–25. [Aliszhanov, S. (2004) Term and terminology. In Issues of Terminology. Astana. P. 18–25.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жұбанов Қ. Қазақ тілі жөніндегі зерттеулер. – Алматы: «Атамұра», 2010. – 608 б.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baitursynov, A. (1992) Til tagylymy (qazaq tili men oqu-agartuga qatysty engbekteri). Almaty: Ana tili. 448 b. [Baitursynov, A. (1992) Language studies (works on the Kazakh language and education). Almaty: Ana tili. 448 p.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Қазақ әдеби тілінің сөздігі. Он бес томдық. 1-15 томдар. / Құраст. А.Фазылжанова, Н.Оңғарбаева, Қ.Ғабитханұлы және т.б. – Алматы, 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bissengali, A.Z., Issaliyeva, A.A. (2025) Turkі tіlderіne ortaq terminologijalyq qor qalyptastyru: ortaq terminzhasam tasіlderі men tetіkterі. Tiltanym. No.3. B. 122–136. https://doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2025-3-122-136 [Bissengali, A.Z., Issaliyeva, A.A. (2025) Formation of a Common Terminological Resource of Turkic Languages:Unified Methods and Mechanisms of Term Formation. Tiltanym. No.3. P. 122–136. https://doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2025-3-122-136.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Қазақ грамматикасы. Фонетика, сөзжасам, морфология, синтаксис. – Астана, 2002. – 784 б.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chmielewski, P. (2022) Anatomical and medical terminology: new challenges and perspectives. Medical Journal of Cell Biology. Vol. 10. P. 102–107. https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2022-0016 (in English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Қазақ тілінің орфографиялық сөздігі: 49 000 сөз. Қазақ ССР Ғылым акад. Тіл білімі институты. – Алматы: Қазақстан, 1988. – 400 б.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Derev`janchenko, N., Lytovska, O., Djurba, D., Leshchyna, I. (2018) Impact of medical terminology on patients' comprehension of healthcare. Georgian Medical News. No.284. P. 159–163. (in English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Қазақ тілінің ұлттық корпусы [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: https://qazcorpus.kz (Дата использования: 23.08.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary (2020) 33th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2144 p. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410190179046 (in English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Қазақстан Республикасында травматологиялық және ортопедиялық көмек көрсетуді ұйымдастыру стандарты. Қазақстан Республикасы Денсаулық сақтау министрінің 2023 жылғы 27 қазандағы №156 бұйрығы. [Электронды ресурс]. – URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/V2200026488 (Пайдаланылған күні: 23.08.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dosmuhammeduly, H. (1998) Tangdamaly. Almaty: Ana tili, 1998. 384 b. [Dosmukhammeduly, Kh. Selected Works. Almaty: Ana tili, 1998. 384 p.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Қазақстанда жастар арасында жиі кездесетін 6 ауру қандай? [Электронды ресурс]. – URL: https://abai.kz/post/201638 (Пайдаланылған күні: 23.08.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzhanabekov, K., Dzhanabekova, G.K. (2013) Oryssha-qazaqsha veterinarlyq sozdik. Almaty: Sozdik-Slovar'. 288 b. [Dzhanabekov, K., Dzhanabekova, G.K. (2013) Russian-Kazakh Veterinary Dictionary. Almaty: Sozdik-Slovar. 288 p.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Қазақстанда зейнеткерлер арасында жиі кездесетін 6 ауру қандай? [Электронды ресурс]. – URL: https://baq.kz/qazaqstanda-zeynetkerler-arasynda-zhii-kezdesetin-6-auru-qanday-200017733/ (Пайдаланылған күні: 23.08.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://ifaa.net/committees/anatomical-terminology-fipat/fipat-about/ (Date of use: 21.08.2025). (in English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Қалиұлы Ш. https://anatili. «Шипагерлік баянның» берері мол [Электронды ресурс]. – URL: kazgazeta.kz/news/57963?utm_source=chatgpt.com (Пайдаланылған күні: 23.08.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasangalieva, B. (2025) Qazaq zhane agylshyn tilderindegi medicina (oftal`mologija) terminderin kognitivtik-freimdik zertteu bagyty: PhD diss. (8D02304 – Filologiia). Aqtobe. 147 b. [Khassangaliyeva, B. (2025) Cognitive frame-based study of medical (ophthalmology) terms in Kazakh and English: Diss. PhD (8D02304 – Philology). Aktobe. 147 p.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Құрманбайұлы Ш. Қазіргі қазақ терминологиясының өзекті мәселелері. // Жинақта: «Терминологиялық хабаршы. No1 (56). – Астана, 2019. – Б. 90-94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isambaev, M., Sarsenova, Sh. (1982) Meditcna terminderining oryssha-qazaqsha sozdigi. Almaty: Qazaqstan, 406 b. [Issambayev, M., Sarsenova, Sh. (1982) Russian-Kazakh Dictionary of Medical Terms. Almaty: Kazakhstan, 406 p.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Медицина терминдерінің орысша-қазақша сөздігі. / М.Исамбаев, Ш.Сарсенова. – Алматы: Казахстан, 1982. – 406 б.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nesipbaev, T. (2004) Fiziologija terminderining tusindirme sozdigi. 2-basylym. Almaty: Agrouniversitet baspasy, 226 b. [Nesipbayev, T. (2004) Explanatory Dictionary of Physiology Terms. 2nd ed. Almaty: Agrouniversitet Publishing House, 226 p.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Орфографиялық сөздік. / Алтыншы басылым. Құраст.: Н.Уәли, Қ.Күдеринова, А.Фазылжанова, Ж.Исаева, Н.Әміржанова, А.Әмірбекова. – Алматы: «Дәуір» баспасы, 2013. – 720 б.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orfografijalyq sozdik (2013) Altynshy basylym. Qurast.: N.Uali, Q.Kuderinova, A.Fazylzhanova, Zh.Isaeva, N.Amirzhanova, A.Amirbekova. Almaty: Dauir, 720 b. [Orthographic Dictionary (2013) Sixth ed. Comp.: N. Uali, Q.Kuderinova, A.Fazylzhanova, Zh.Issayeva, N.Amirzhanova, A.Amirbekova. Almaty: Dauir, 720 p.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Орысша-қазақша ветеринарлық сөздік. / Джанабеков К., Джанабекова Г.К. – Алматы, «Сөздік-Словарь», 2013. - 288 б.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oryssha-qazaqsha terminologijalyq sozdik. Medicina (2025) [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://1513.slovaronline.com (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [Russian-Kazakh Terminological Dictionary. Medicine (2025) [Electronic resource]. URL: https://1513.slovaronline.com (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Отарғалиева Ш. Медицина терминдері қалай аударылып жүр? [Электронды ресурс]. – URL: https://anatili.kazgazeta.kz/news/16624 (Пайдаланылған күні: 23.08.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Otargalieva, Sh. (2025) Medicina terminderi qalai audarylyp zhur? [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://anatili.kazgazeta.kz/news/16624 (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [Otarghaliyeva, Sh. (2025) How are medical terms being translated? [Electronic resource]. URL: https://anatili.kazgazeta.kz/news/16624 (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Русско-казахский терминологический словарь «Медицина» [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: https://1513.slovaronline.com (Дата использования: 23.08.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qaliuly, Sh. (2025) Shipagerlik bajannyng bereri mol. [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://anatili.kazgazeta.kz/news/57963 (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [Kaliuly, Sh. The rich legacy of the Healer’s Bayan [Electronic resource]. URL: https://anatili.kazgazeta.kz/news/57963 (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скелет // Википедия. [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Скелет (Дата использования: 23.08.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qazaq adebi tilining sozdigi (2011) On bes tomdyq (1–15 tomdar). Qurast.: A.Fazylzhanova, N.Ongarbaeva, Q.Gabithanuly, zhane basqalar. Almaty. [Dictionary of the Kazakh Literary Language (2011) In fifteen volumes (Vols. 1–15). Comp.: A.Fazylzhanova, N.Ongarbayeva, K.Gabitkhanuly, et al. (2011) Almaty.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сот-медициналық сараптаманы ұйымдастыру және жүргізу тәртібі туралы нұсқаулық. Қазақстан Республикасы Денсаулық сақтау министрінің 2010 жылғы 20 мамырдағы №368 Бұйрығы. [Электронды ресурс]. – URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/V100006305_ (Пайдаланылған күні: 23.08.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qazaq grammatikasy: fonetika, sozhasam, morfologija, sintaksis. (2002) Astana, 784 b. [Kazakh Grammar: Phonetics, Word Formation, Morphology, Syntax. (2002) Astana, 784 p.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сыздық Р. Тілдік норма және оның қалыптануы (кодификациясы). – Астана: Елорда, 2001. – 230 б.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qazaq tilining orfografijalyq sozdigi (1988) 49 000 soz. Qazaq SSR Gylym akademijasy, Til bilimi instituty. Almaty: Qazaqstan, 400 b. [Orthographic Dictionary of the Kazakh Language (1988) 49 000 words. Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, Institute of Linguistics. Almaty: Kazakhstan, 400 p.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Травматологиялық және ортопедиялық көмек көрсететін медициналық ұйымдардың қызметі туралы қағида. Қазақстан Республикасы Денсаулық сақтау министрінің 2011 жылғы 6 маусымдағы №352 Бұйрығы. [Электронды ресурс]. – URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/V1100007024 (Пайдаланылған күні: 23.08.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qazaq tilining ulttyq korpusy (2025) [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://qazcorpus.kz (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [National Corpus of the Kazakh Language (2025) [Electronic resource]. URL: https://qazcorpus.kz (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Физиология терминдерінің түсіндірме сөздігі. / Несіпбаев Т. 2-басылым. – Алматы: «Агроуниверситет» баспасы, 2004. – 226 б.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qazaqstan Respublikasynda travmatologijalyq zhane ortopedijalyq komek korsetudі uiymdastyru standarty (2025) Qazaqstan Respublikasy Densaulyq saqtau ministrining 2023 zhyldagy 27 qazandagy №156 buirygy [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/V2200026488 (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [Standard for organizing traumatological and orthopedic care in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Order No.156 of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated October 27, 2023 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/V2200026488 (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хасанғалиева Б. Қазақ және ағылшын тілдеріндегі медицина (офтальмология) терминдерін когнитивтік-фреймдік зерттеу бағыты: Философия докторы (PhD) дәрежесін алу үшін дайындалған диссертация (8D02304 – Филология). – Ақтөбе, 2025. – 147 б.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qazaqstanda zeinetkerler arasynda zhii kezdesetin 6 auru qandai? (2025) [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://baq.kz/qazaqstanda-zeynetkerler-arasynda-zhii-kezdesetin-6-auru-qanday-200017733/ (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [What are the 6 most common diseases among pensioners in Kazakhstan? [Electronic resource]. URL: https://baq.kz/qazaqstanda-zeynetkerler-arasynda-zhii-kezdesetin-6-auru-qanday-200017733/ (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цитология, гистология, эмбриология терминдерінің түсіндірме сөздігі. / Сапаров Қ.Ә., Базарбаева Ж.М., Абдуллаева Б.А. Оқу құралы. – Алматы: Экономика, 2012. – 454 б.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qazaqstanda zhastar arasynda zhii kezdesetin 6 auru qandai? (2025) [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://abai.kz/post/201638 (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [What are the 6 most common diseases among young people in Kazakhstan? [Electronic resource]. URL: https://abai.kz/post/201638 (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akbarkhadjaeva, F. The nature of medical terminology. // Theoretical &amp; Applied Science. 2020. No. 86. P. 432-434. https://doi.org/10.15863/tas.2020.06.86.80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qurmanbaiuly, Sh. (2019) Qazirgi qazaq terminologijasynyng ozekti maseleleri. Terminologijalyq habarshy. №1(56). Astana. B. 90–94. [Qurmanbaiuly, Sh. (2019) Current issues of modern Kazakh terminology. Terminological Bulletin. No.1(56). Astana. P. 90–94.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chmielewski, P. Anatomical and medical terminology: new challenges and perspectives. // Medical Journal of Cell Biology. 2022. V. 10. P. 102-107. https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2022-0016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadigova, N., Aliyeva, S. (2025) Methods of terms formation in nuclear medicine. Open Research Europe. Vol. 5. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.18941.1 (in English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Derev`janchenko, N., Lytovska, O., Djurba, D., Leshchyna, I. Impact of medical terminology on patients' comprehension of healthcare. // Georgian Medical News. 2018. No. 284. P. 159-163.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saparov, Q.A., Bazarbaeva, Zh.M., Abdullaeva, B.A. (2012) Citologija, gistologija, jembriologija terminderining tusindirme sozdigi: oqu quraly. Almaty: Jekonomika. 454 b. [Saparov, K.A., Bazarbayeva, Zh.M., Abdullayeva, B.A. (2012) Explanatory dictionary of cytology, histology, and embryology terms: A textbook. Almaty: Ekonomika. 454 p.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary. 33th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2020. 2144 p. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410190179046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skelet. Vikipediia (2025) [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Скелет (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [Skeleton. Wikipedia (2025) [Electronic resource]. URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Скелет (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology [Electronic Resource]. – URL: https://ifaa.net/committees/anatomical-terminology-fipat/fipat-about/ (Date of use: 21.08.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sot-medicinalyq saraptamany uiymdastyru zhane zhurgizu tartibi turaly nusqaulyq (2025) Qazaqstan Respublikasy Densaulyq saqtau ministrining 2010 zhyldagy 20 mamyrdagy №368 buirygy [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/V100006305_ (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [Guideline on the organization and conduct of forensic medical examination (2025) Order No.368 of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated May 20, 2010 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/V100006305_ (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadigova, N., Aliyeva, S. Methods of terms formation in nuclear medicine. // Open Research Europe. 2025. V. 5. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.18941.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stedman’s medical dictionary for the health professions and nursing (2005) 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins. 1942 p. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-6-1305_1 (in English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stedman’s medical dictionary for the health professions and nursing. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2005. 1942 p. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-6-1305_1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Syzdyq, R. (2001) Tildik norma zhane onyng qalyptanuy (kodifikacijasy). Astana: Elorda. 230 b. [Syzdyq, R. (2001) Linguistic norms and their formation (codification). Astana: Elorda. 230 p.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Termincom.kz [Электронды ресурс]. – URL: www.termincom.kz (Пайдаланылған күні: 23.08.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Termincom.kz (2025) [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: http://www.termincom.kz (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [Termincom.kz (2025) [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.termincom.kz (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Travmatologijalyq zhane ortopedijalyq komek korsetetin medicinalyq uiymdardyng qyzmeti turaly kagida (2025) Qazaqstan Respublikasy Densaulyq saqtau ministrining 2011 zhyldagy 6 mausymdagy №352 buirygy [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/V1100007024 (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [Guideline on the activity of medical organizations providing traumatological and orthopedic care (2025) Order No.352 of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated June 6, 2011 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/V1100007024 (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Travmatologijalyq zhane ortopedijalyq komek korsetetin medicinalyq uiymdardyng qyzmeti turaly kagida (2025) Qazaqstan Respublikasy Densaulyq saqtau ministrining 2011 zhyldagy 6 mausymdagy №352 buirygy [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/V1100007024 (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [Guideline on the activity of medical organizations providing traumatological and orthopedic care (2025) Order No.352 of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated June 6, 2011 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/V1100007024 (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhalgas, H. (2025) Qazaq tilinde medicina terminderining sozdigi shyguy mumkin [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://inbusiness.kz/kz/news/kazak-tilinde-medicina-terminderinin-sozdigi-shyguy-mumkin (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [Zhalgas, Kh. (2025) A dictionary of medical terms in the Kazakh language may be published [Electronic resource]. URL: https://inbusiness.kz/kz/news/kazak-tilinde-medicina-terminderinin-sozdigi-shyguy-mumkin (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhalgas, H. (2025) Qazaq tilinde medicina terminderining sozdigi shyguy mumkin [Jelektrondy resurs]. URL: https://inbusiness.kz/kz/news/kazak-tilinde-medicina-terminderinin-sozdigi-shyguy-mumkin (Pajdalanylgan kuni: 23.08.2025). [Zhalgas, Kh. (2025) A dictionary of medical terms in the Kazakh language may be published [Electronic resource]. URL: https://inbusiness.kz/kz/news/kazak-tilinde-medicina-terminderinin-sozdigi-shyguy-mumkin (Accessed: August 23, 2025).] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhubanov, Q. (2010) Qazaq tili zhonindegi zertteuler. Almaty: Atamura. 608 b. [Zhubanov, K. (2010) Studies on the Kazakh language. Almaty: Atamura, 608 p.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhubanov, Q. (2010) Qazaq tili zhonindegi zertteuler. Almaty: Atamura. 608 b. [Zhubanov, K. (2010) Studies on the Kazakh language. Almaty: Atamura, 608 p.] (in Kazakh)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
