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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">til</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Tiltanym</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tiltanym</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2411-6076</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2709-135X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Институт языкознания имени А.Байтурсынулы КН МОН РК</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55491/2411-6076-2025-1-92-105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">til-1910</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИКЛАДНОЕ ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>APPLIED LINGUISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гендерный аспект усвоения сложных грамматических категорий (на материале цыганского языка)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The gender aspect of learning complex grammatical categories (based on the Romani language)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1965-8908</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кючук</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kyuchuk</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хусейн Кючук, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, академик МАНПО</p><p>Катовице</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Huseyin Kyuchuk, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Academician of MANPO</p><p>Katowice</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hkyuchukov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Силезский университет<country>Польша</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Silesian University<country>Poland</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>97</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кючук Х., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кючук Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kyuchuk H.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tiltanym.kz/jour/article/view/1910">https://www.tiltanym.kz/jour/article/view/1910</self-uri><abstract><p>   Ромские дети в Европе сталкиваются с дискриминацией из-за ограниченного знания официального языка страны, в которой они живут. Однако количество исследований, посвященных знанию их родного языка, очень ограничено. Не существует стандартизированных тестов по цыганскому языку. Настоящее исследование представляет собой попытку разработать тест на цыганском языке - родном языке цыганских детей – с целью проверки их знаний на родном языке. В статье представлены результаты исследования, проведенного среди дошкольников-цыган из Загреба (Хорватия). Дети посещают общественный дошкольный центр, где изучают хорватский язык и готовятся к обучению в начальной школе. В исследовании приняли участие 30 цыганских детей (18 девочек и 12 мальчиков) в возрасте от 3 до 6 лет. Их знания цыганского языка тестировались с помощью методики, разработанной Кучюковым и де Вильерс. Тест измеряет знания детей по различным грамматическим категориям цыганского языка.</p><p>   Цель исследования – показать, насколько дети цыган знают грамматику родного языка.</p><p>   Для этого детей тестируют с помощью специально разработанных тестов. Дети, участвующие в исследовании, проходят тестирование индивидуально в комнатах общинного центра. Результаты сравниваются по возрасту и полу. Тест измерял уровень владения различными грамматическими категориями цыганского языка. Результаты исследования показали, что уровень знаний грамматических категорий различается в зависимости от пола. Мальчики демонстрируют значительно более высокий уровень знаний, что подтверждается статистически значимыми данными (ANOVA). Уровень знаний грамматических категорий также связан с результатами выполнения тестов по теории сознания на цыганском языке. Старшие дети лучше справляются с этими заданиями, а мальчики показывают более высокие результаты в задаче на ложное убеждение типа “перемещение объекта”. В статье рассматривается вопрос: “Почему мальчики лучше владеют цыганским языком, чем девочки?” Статья содержит новые знания для педагогов дошкольного образования. Двуязычные дети в некоторых культурах по-разному знают свой родной язык и по-разному выполняют задания по теории сознания в зависимости от пола. Подобные исследования важны для практики, так как предполагают разные подходы к языковому образованию мальчиков и девочек.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The Roma children in Europe face discrimination because of their limited knowledge of the official language of the country where they live. However, the amount of research on their mother tongue knowledge is very limited. There are no standardized tests on Romani. The present study here is an attempt to develop a test in Romani language - the mother tongue of Roma children in order to test their knowledge in their mother tongue. The paper presents results from research conducted among preschool Roma children from Zagreb, Croatia. The children are involved in a community preschool center where they learn Croatian and get prepared for primary school education. 30 Roma children (n = 18 girls and n = 12 boys) between 3-6 years old are tested with a test in Romani language (Kyuchukov and de Villiers, 2014). The test measures the knowledge of the children on different grammatical categories from Romani.</p><p>   The goal of the study is to show how much Roma children know from the grammar of their mother tongue.</p><p>   For this purpose the children are tested with specially designed tests. The children involved in the study are tested individually in the rooms of the community center. The results are compared by age and gender. The children show different levels of knowledge of Romani grammatical categories based on their gender. The boys have higher knowledge which is statistically significant (ANOVA) than the knowledge of the girls. The knowledge on the grammatical categories relates to the performance of the Theory of Mind test in Romani. The older children are better performing the Theory of Mind tests and the boys show better performance of the “mis displacement” False belief task. The article answers the question: “Why are boys better in Romani than the girls?” The paper brings new knowledge for preschool educators. Bilingual children in some cultures have different knowledge of their mother tongue and they perform the Theory of Mind tasks differently, based on their gender. These kinds of studies are important for the practice, because they suggest different approaches to language education between boys and girls.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цыганский язык</kwd><kwd>цыганские дети</kwd><kwd>процесс социализации</kwd><kwd>языковые навыки</kwd><kwd>этнолект&#13;
хорватского</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Gypsy language</kwd><kwd>gypsy children</kwd><kwd>the process of socialization</kwd><kwd>language skills</kwd><kwd>ethnolect of Croatian</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abu-Haidar, F. (2013) Language loyalty: The case of Algerian immigrants' children in France. Arabic Sociolinguistics (P. 59-72). Routledge.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abu-Haidar, F. (2013). Language loyalty: The case of Algerian immigrants' children in France. Arabic Sociolinguistics (pp. 59-72). Routledge.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agular, C. et al. (2020) Early inventions tackling inequalities experienced by immigrant, low income, and Roma children in 8 European countries : a critical overview. 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